Patterns: that is serene, which is on the hot seat

• Pepy, "pope" of the rail?

Appointed in 2008 as head of the SNCF which he was number two, Guillaume Pepy has since opening figure of ultimate boss of office of Nicolas Sarkozy. The former chief of staff of Martine Aubry has nothing to fear from the change of head of state. And, except to be appointed to another position, it should not only complete his term as CEO of SNCF, scheduled until February 2013, but re-enlist at the head of a company where he spent most of his career and he seems happy to embody.

Everything will depend on the host that the Government will make available to the rail reform projects driven by Guillaume Pepy well in advance of the election. It was he who suggested to his minister, Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, to open a "Grenelle of the rail," a broad debate that ended this winter.

The head of the SNCF has two great ideas in mind overnight pay day loans. The first involves a major reorganization of the French rail, bringing Réseau Ferré de France (RFF), the manager of the railway network in the lap of the SNCF. Objective: To terminate an organization considered grotesque and expensive. But neither competitors nor RFF of SNCF do not hear it that way. The battle will be fierce between Guillaume Pepy and Hubert du Mesnil, the boss of RFF.

Second site, sensitivity: the creation of a "social framework harmonized" for SNCF workers and new entrants on the French market being opened to competition. Beyond this global negotiation, Guillaume Pepy wants to get the right to hire out the status of a railway station. One way of playing field with its powerful rival, Deutsche Bahn.

• Proglio frontline

Proglio. Photo credits: ALBERT FACELLY / Le Figaro

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Sarkozy addresses the tax exiles

 

After struggling against tax havens in recent years, Nicolas Sarkozy wants to tackle the tax exile. -Candidate for President, it is not acceptable that some continue to enjoy the benefits of French citizenship without paying a penny in taxes. "I want the tax and nationality are now linked," he said on TF1 Monday. The announcement is accurate. "Any tax exile who went abroad for the sole purpose of circumventing French tax must declare to the French administration as he paid tax abroad. And if it is lower than it would have paid tax on income from capital in France, he will pay the difference, "said Nicolas Sarkozy.

Only the taxation of wealth is concerned. But it is precisely to escape the ISF or the taxation of capital gains that some taxpayers go to Switzerland or Belgium. With this measure, the tax exile would have no financial interest. And if the tax exile showed himself recalcitrant? "If he does not pay, he is pursued by the taxman. However, if he wants to escape measurement, it is of course free to take another nationality, "said Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet Monday, the spokesman of the president candidate. There is no question of deprivation of nationality. This type of penalty is very heavy and could be incompatible with European law.

The 2 million French expatriates, those who move abroad for work or for family reasons, for example, would not be affected by the measure. "I say to expatriates, we will change nothing for them," said Nicolas Sarkozy. They therefore continue to pay tax only in the country where they live. French household working in Germany would pay, as now, the German income tax. Yet to translate into law the difference between the expatriate and exiled, leaving the Hexagon for purely fiscal.

Monday, Nicolas Sarkozy referred to the American system. Indeed, the U.S. tax bind and nationality, even more extensive than would be France if Nicolas Sarkozy was elected. For all American expatriates should pay taxes to their homeland! But the U.S. is an exception in developed countries. European states like France operate on the principle of territoriality – you pay tax where you live. This means that the measure proposed by Nicolas Sarkozy, even if limited to exiles, may involve review of the tax treaties signed between France and its partners. A very heavy work. This is also the argument that had been opposed to the president of the PS Finance Committee in the Assembly, Jerome Cahuzac, late 2010 when he proposed a tax on expatriates. It will also calibrate the measure to be compatible with European law which advocates the free movement of persons and equality before tax.

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Revolution to the incomes of pharmacists

 

Health professionals, yes; traders, no. Traditionally, pharmacists refuse to be mistaken for "grocers". Yet their compensation depends only on the amount of drugs they deliver: a fixed sum per box, plus a percentage of the sales price. But that should change soon. Unions of pharmacists and Medicare are conducting a negotiation whose term is scheduled for March 28 and whose objective is to diversify their earnings. They should soon receive a "fee" valuing their missions of prevention, screening and support for patients in their treatment.

While pushing the profession to move in that direction. Looking for savings to Social Security, the State declining year by year the prices of reimbursed medicines. This is the pharmaceutical industry is concerned, but pharmacies are affected indirectly. Meanwhile, the volumes go up more slowly than in the past, indirect consequence of the case Mediator, who chipped patients' confidence in medicines.

Pharmacists work so many years to expand their role, or indeed, to recognize and pay duties they already perform more or less informal. Governments are receptive, because they see a partial solution to the deserts medical (drug stores are well distributed across the country) and the size of firms. The law "Bachelot" of 2009 formalized these missions. The 2012 budget of the Safely authorized their remuneration. The current negotiations must make it happen.

Two types of innovations are planned. Of "dispensing fee", first, that rémunéreront the advice given by the pharmacist when dispensing drugs. Magnitude discussed: 1 euro or 1.50 euro for each prescription. The sum could be modulated, for example by age of patient (an increase for the elderly or babies, often complex cases).

Then, a compensation of each pharmacy on efficiency targets (issued by generic) or public health. This is probably clarify the terms of this last part that the majority of work still lies ahead. A bonus could be given to pharmacies that always deliver the same brand of generic chronic, especially seniors, to avoid confusion in the treatments.

Pharmacists could also meet regularly with patients taking anticoagulants, which are at risk of serious interactions with other drugs, or treated with Subutex (substitute for heroin), to adjust their dosages. These "interviews pharmaceuticals" – no question of using the word "consultation" so as not to upset the doctors – would be paid to the unit or by an annual amount per patient monitoring. They would take place as part of a treatment protocol, a contract for three, doctor, patient and pharmacist.

Purpose of trade unions of pharmacists and FSPF USPO: 25% of revenues from these new compounds remuneration within five years. The negotiation will determine the share of these amounts between Medicare and complementary, participating in discussions. Above all they must fix the total amount of the budget allocated to pharmacies. Medicare, with limited financial margins, would the same. The unions are demanding an increase comparable to that of total health expenditure, or 2.5%. Essential, they argue, because there will be Winners and Losers in pharmacies. But their situation has weakened in recent years. One hundred pharmacies close every 22,000 years: a marginal phenomenon but unpublished.

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The puzzle dental fee

Friday, dentists Liberals, too, began a negotiation with Medicare. The CNSD majority union, hopes to pay for guards Sunday and alignment of the consultation fee to that of physicians (23 euros against 21).

But both parties are under no illusions: because of the leeway of Social Security, they will not solve the main problem for patients, yet they admit both. For decades, the rates for conservative treatment (caries, scaling …) and surgical (extractions …), set by Medicare, are undervalued. Dentists to "catch up" on bridges and crowns, to free prices but poorly reimbursed.

They are happy to try to establish a finer grid tariffs, which will allow the social security and complementary to better understand the activity of dentists … and perhaps to adjust rates during the following convention. They also specify the quote must present dentists, distinguishing manufacturing cost of the prosthesis and other charges, on the one hand, and amount of benefit, on the other.

A carbon tax applicable to contested 4000 companies

 

Air transportation emits about 3% carbon dioxide (CO2) released by humans into the atmosphere. But according to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), its emissions have almost doubled (+98%) between 1990 and 2006 and are expected to increase by 63% by 2020. This is due to the strong growth that the EU wished to include airlines in the industries subject to carbon allowances.

Decided in 2008, this "carbon tax air" has been applicable since 1 January to major airlines transiting through EU airports. According to official documents of the end of 2011, 4291 airlines must be submitted to CO2 quotas, including 28 Chinese companies. Brussels has set an emissions cap for each company, who must buy the equivalent of 15% of its emissions, as carbon credits.

This air tax should bring in 2012 256 million euros to the EU, the Commission said. A pittance compared to $ 3.8 billion represented the German Government, by controlling only Airbus Hong Kong Airlines, threatened. Connie Hedegaard, European Commissioner for the fight against climate change, repeated his refusal to yield to threats and to revisit the legislation.

The profession particularly hostile

From the earliest discussions on the implementation of these CO2 quotas on airlines, the profession has expressed very hostile. Last November, ICAO, the Organization of International Civil Aviation, adopted a resolution recommending to exempt non-European companies of the carbon tax. 26 of its 36 members including China, the United States and Russia, were signatories. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and ICAO call for voluntary measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, implemented worldwide.

In a report published in early 2011, the rating agency Standard & Poor's estimated that the measure Brussels could cost 1.12 billion for airlines in 2012-2013. Since then, the price per tonne of CO2 collapsed on the European market which would reduce the cost to about 700 million euros. But it adds to the severe increase in fuel prices.

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Clothing protected by a surge of cotton

 

Second largest producer of cotton after China and before the United States, India took the markets short Monday, putting a halt to its exports. Driven by Chinese demand, they were likely to exceed the end of March the 10 million bales exported in twelve months, while the Indian government had to fall to 8.4 million bales its quotas. This political decision intended to favor local manufacturers Monday sparked a 4% increase in the prices of futures contracts for cotton available in May.

Worrying signs of ready-to-wear and conjure the specter of runaway prices experienced a year ago. Francesco Marchi, Euratex, Association of European textile producers, fears "that European producers of fabrics not subjected to higher prices, which will be transferred to brands."

Reunion: the measures announced

 

The price of gas and electricity for low incomes will fall in Reunion, and those of 40 essential commodities will be frozen at least from March 1 through the efforts of local communities, said Friday the prefect, Michel Lalande. A series of measures taken after a round table of five thirty gathering around him the chairmen of local councils, chambers, representatives of consumer associations, oil companies and professional drivers payday loans guaranteed no fax. All participants in the roundtable have finally launched a "solemn appeal" to calm the population.

Spaniards against the reform of labor law

 

The Spaniards were present at the call of the unions. In 57 cities, the protests against the reform of the labor market have attracted hundreds of thousands of people. The organizers are talking about 500,000 demonstrators in Madrid and Barcelona to 400,000 – the police has seen ten times less. This first national day of action against the Conservative government of Mariano Rajoy has mobilized in any case beyond the adherents of the two main unions, Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) and Union General de Trabajadores (UGT). Protesters accuse the Executive to facilitate the dismissal and push workers into poverty. Reform, adopted by decree, reduces redundancy of 45 days per year worked to 33. It introduces a new CDI together with a trial period of one year and allows companies struggling to lower wages without consulting their employees.

In Madrid, where union leaders have been leading the parade, the event was festive. In this weekend carnival, some of the protesters came dressed up. Here, a family dressed up as cavemen wearing a sign reading "Go back to prehistory." Here, the character of the albums Where's Waldo? Says "seek democracy."

"Huelga General"

In major Spanish cities, the "critical sections", heirs of the social movement of indignados, have swelled the ranks of workers payday loan. The outrage, however, maintained a safe distance with union leaders. A kind of protest in the event: "Thanks for coming!" They chanted, ironically, to the Union address. For from the adoption of Decree ten days ago, the indignant took the streets of Madrid, without waiting for permission from the prefecture, or call the CCOO and UGT.

The latter is intended primarily rely. "The event this Sunday is only the beginning of the engagement," explains the spokesman for CCOO, Fernando Lezcano, without ruling out a general strike. The "huelga general", thus: in the processions, the claim is almost unanimous.

Mariano Rajoy said the protesters from Seville, where his training, the Popular Party (PP), celebrating its 16th national congress in a triumphalist mood. "Reform is just, good and necessary for Spain," he said. Rajoy announced new "sacrifices", without giving details. Before the elections Andalusian March 25, the head of government is cautious. Even if this bet formula: "It will not be pleasant, but the Spaniards are in agreement."

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Greece: into an agreement Monday with the Eurogroup

 

White smoke comes not yet held Monday in Brussels, where a decisive meeting of the Eurogroup on Greece. It comes from the Italian Presidency in Rome, and the headquarters of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt.

After a phone conversation with Angela Merkel and Prime Minister of Greece Lucas Papademos, Friday, Mario Monti issued a statement encouraging: "At the end of this conversation, which came in the details and which was conducted in a constructive spirit, three participants were confident that an agreement on Greece can be reached Monday, the Eurogroup. "

So far, mistrust prevailed. Especially since the previous Eurogroup, on Greece, was canceled Wednesday. "This time, an agreement is likely," said Jean Pisani-Ferry, director of the Bruegel think-tank in Brussels. "Otherwise it's too late, there will master more technical details …", he adds.

The challenge of this size Eurogroup is: give Greece its private creditors and the green light to launch the second bailout of Greece, estimated at 130 billion euros, to avoid a default in Greek debt falls from 14.5 billion euros on March 20.

That Greece is committed to the reforms demanded by the troika, beyond the April elections, Germany, Finland and the Netherlands had planned mid-week to split the bailout to not pay, firstly, that the sum needed to rescue private, or 30 billion euros payday loans. 

Exchange of debt

But this scenario is complicated, difficult to read for the markets, has been criticized by the IMF and European lawyers, who see it as a source of additional blocking with private creditors, asked to relinquish 70% of the value of their securities. "This option is no longer on the table," said Deputy German Finance Minister, Thomas Steffen. "We are ready to have a solid basis for a decision Monday," says the German Finance Ministry in Berlin.

The European Central Bank has brought his stone to an eventual agreement. Its chairman, Mario Draghi, submitted Thursday night, the vote of the Governors, the exchange of 50 billion euros of Greek bonds, which should allow eventually to redistribute 12 billion euros to Greece, which allocated to debt repayment countries.

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