Action Samsung lost nearly 18% in three trading days. Involved? A decision by Apple. The U.S. has chosen to change supplier for certain processors. Moreover, according to many rumors, Apple, which is the largest customer of Samsung is reportedly soliciting Taiwanese companies to further diversify its sources of supply. Bad news for Korean, a measure of wisdom for the American who does not want to depend on its main competitor. Samsung and Apple combine the trial, thirty between them in the world. They accuse each other of copying or infringement of patents. Both companies also try to end the dispute by signing an agreement that they would not divorce. Paradoxically because Apple is more dependent than the other Samsung. The U.S. represents 5% of sales of its competitor, while Samsung is about 25% of the production cost of an iPhone, according to Citigroup check cash advance.

In addition, the two groups are fighting to win the leadership in the smartphone market. For now, Samsung is leading. It should maintain its lead with the launch of Galaxy SIII, its flagship terminal, unveiled in early May. Source of satisfaction, Korean has recorded 9 million pre-orders for the SIII. A victory for any advise him "enjoy". Already last year, Samsung was gone very quickly, before their hair done on the wire by Apple and its iPhone 4S. However, the firm at the apple should market its next iPhone next fall. What boost its sales.

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In the wake of its entry in the booming mobile market, Free Mobile revealed it had won 2.6 million customers in late March, while Orange was losing 615,000, 620,000 SFR and 89,000 MVNOs. "Never an operator has won as many customers in as little time," said Xavier Niel, founder and owner of Free.

The small sign operator and a great commercial success and won the bet he had set himself. Indeed, he won 4% market share on the mobile in 80 days. Its goal is eventually to have 25% market share.

Satisfaction is complete for Xavier Niel, especially as Free has received the "halo of mobile" on its activities as a fixed, where it now exceeds 5 million subscribers: he recorded a 50% market share recruitment broadband in the first quarter of 2012 and its activity is fixed in 9.8% growth over the quarter. Leaves to change operator in the mobile, and to benefit from even better prices, some customers were quick to switch their internet subscription and exchange their old box against a Freebox.

Impact difficult to quantify

Remains now is whether this success will continue over time, while competitors such as Orange, SFR, Bouygues Telecom and Virgin argue that the bleeding has stopped customers since mid-March and they recover even customers parties at Free.

Free, which shows a quarterly revenue up 29% to 656 million euros, did not give the average revenue per user (ARPU), a key figure in the telecoms field. He simply said that customers were divided "balanced" between the subscribers of a subscription to two euros and those who opted for a more profitable subscription to 19.99 euros a month.  

Therefore difficult to measure the impact of the launch of Free Mobile on the margins of the operator. "The quality of the distribution of offers within the mobile subscriber base is evidence of a sustainable business model and economics," Free said simply. In sales, the mobile has generated 97.5 million euros, of which 11.5 million euros from the sale of terminals and 86 million for the telecom services business. The set weighs about him almost 560 million euros.

Cards, Vitale, SIM for mobile phones, biometric passports, Navigo … The smart card, created by Roland Moreno, resulted in a multitude of high-tech objects indispensable in our daily lives. Amateur science fiction, self-taught, this French born in Cairo in 1945 and died Sunday in Paris had the idea to invent a portable device to store information. He had filed the first patent of the smart card in 1974 and it took him eight years to convince bankers, RATP and other industrial utility of his invention.

A small fortune

But his perseverance has won the chip has become a social phenomenon on a global scale. And Roland Moreno has made a small fortune. "Before the patent of the smart card does not fall into the public domain in 1998, it brought me close to 150 million euros. Since I saw through the excess cash, "he explained in 2007 the newspaper La Croix.

The inventor has sold ten years ago its shares in Gemplus, a French manufacturer of smart cards. But he remained at the head of his company Innovatron, which continues to collect fees on contactless cards as Vélib 'or Navigo. A method based on radio transmission of data qu'Innovatron was developed in 1994 with the RATP.

Passionate about new technologies, Roland Moreno worked in parallel, to launch a poker site online. He was also busy writing the second volume of the ambient theory brothel, a book which is against the "tyranny of the original in the field of art."

A modern fairy tale with young "misfits" in the lead roles. Four years ago, Jean-Jacques Salaün, the general manager of Zara France, has launched a new and daring to help disaffected youths from tough neighborhoods. "I told myself after the events of 2005 in the suburbs that we had to do something for these kids abandoned," he says. The French boss of the brand's ready-to-wear convinced his Spanish CEO to leave in recruiting Permanent, full-time and minimum wage, a dozen young per semester that will train and promote vendors as two stores. "I'm young that nobody wants, while others take only young people that everyone wants," says he: women forced into marriage, deprived of political refugees, young people out with their families or society – some have been in trouble with the law. The tenth "promotion" began training this week.

Soon selected, prospective vendors are sent 15 days in a hotel in the Paris region where they are supervised 24 hours 24. "They are given drama lessons, speaking, sales, kitchen …, detailing the patron of Zara France. They are taught the basic rules of group living. Personalities come every day to talk about their passion and their profession. "Raymond Domenech, the former coach of the France team football, is a faithful

. "They just trusted …"

"It is not easy, there are tensions, but the fact of failure to trust them is one key to the success of the operation," added Jean-Jacques Salaün, Michel supported daily by Paras, the Steward FW. "It was so beautiful – we were fed, housed, paid, we got celebrities – we thought there was a trap, remembers Konte, a young of the first class that will become part of the Zara Montparnasse in Paris. And no, there was no wolf guaranteed high risk personal loans. They just trusted, given a job and they made me an example for all of my small city. "

Once their training is completed, youth are sent for a week in stores where they are supervised by a tutor, one week before returning for a final training in sales techniques. "After a month this plan, I challenge you to tell me what are the youth who attended this training," says Jean-Jacques Salaün. "They are like other sellers, confirms El Idrissi, store manager of the Boulevard Haussmann in Paris, which hosted five young people in four years. It is just more attention to them without making them privileged. "

150 000 euros per year

An operation that works! In four years and nine promotions, 133 youth were recruited from Zara, 50% are still working. The operation has a cost, not insignificant: 150 000 euros per year. "It's great, but it's not rocket science for a big company," says Jean-Jacques Salaün, who never wanted to mention this in the media before being asked by Le Figaro. "And it's useful. I regret never having managed to convince other major groups to do the same. "

Especially since this operation has not only served troubled youth … It has helped reduce the number of part-time (common in the trade) for all employees by extending the CDI system on two stores in 600 vendors . And this is just the beginning for Jean-Jacques Salaün account duplicate this system to other brands (Zara Home, Massimo Duti …) group Inditex which owns Zara.

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So far, Francois Hollande was very talkative on controlling public spending. To prove his seriousness in budgetary matters, the PS argued the EUR 49 billion of tax increases planned – both graded increases to fund new measures and to reduce the public deficit to 3% in 2013. Change in tone Thursday on France 2. The Socialist candidate was more explicit result: the return to balance accounts in 2017 will also "by 50 billion savings on public spending," he said, highlighting a point that appears from the origin, but discreetly, in its program.

In fact, in a country where public expenditure accounts for 56.6% of GDP, while fiscal consolidation achieved through an action on the charges. Except as we stay in France. Unlike the choices made in the UK and measures imposed in Portugal or Greece, or Francois Hollande nor Nicolas Sarkozy proposed to actually reduce government spending, that is to say, the return of 100 euros a year to 95 next year. The two main candidates simply promise to slow the rise.

From 1978 to 2008, public spending grew on average by 2.6% per year, plus inflation. "We will limit their increases to 1% per year," said Francois Hollande. Right, this government promised in Brussels an increase of 0.4% per year until 2016. Then where are the savings put forward by both sides? This is actually a smaller increase in expenses, compared to their natural tendency (which is explained by the increase in salaries of civil servants, the increase in health spending, the rising number of retirees, etc.. ). This is supposed to be parallel to that of GDP. Example project with Holland. Without special measures, the approximately 1 trillion of government spending should increase as the national wealth (1.7% per year initially, 2.25% at the end, according to forecasts of the candidate). An average increase of about 2% per year during the future five-year-around 20 billion euros each year free credit report and score. The PS wants to limit their growth to 1% per year. The economy compared to the natural drift is 10 billion per year and $ 50 billion in the five year term. The weight of public expenditure in GDP would decline to 53.9% while in 2017 the government is 52.8% in 2016. In both cases, the action will inevitably unpopular.

Divisive options

Social benefits-health costs, pensions, family allowances or unemployment … – indeed absorb 45% of public expenditure. Just to bring growth in public spending to 0.7% in 2011, the current government had to reform pensions, act on Medicare and not to replace staff on two retiring.

Thursday, Francois Hollande suggested avenues for savings: lower prices and consumption of drugs, focus on health prevention, cuts in aid to enterprises, decentralization. Displaying its objective of stabilizing the size of the public, he admitted that there would be job cuts in all departments except Education, Justice and Home Affairs. "The salary policy will be serious," said Michel Sapin, program officer of the applicant, being careful not to promise any pay rise. And state transfers to local (one hundred billion a year) "will not progress." Not to mention that if economic growth is not at the rendezvous, the scheme collapses. Michel Sapin no plans yet not to intensify efforts in this case: "A real spending cuts could destabilize the economy," he retorts.

Advocating a greater effort, Nicolas Sarkozy announced the continuation of "one in two." The UMP also wants to cut $ 2 billion per year transfers to communities. Magnitude of the cuts, selected sectors: these options are politically divisive. But in a camp like in the other, the information disclosed so far are not enough.

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The livestock industries are less imitators. If the country has the first cattle in Europe with 21 million head of which 8 million cows, the trend is downward. Within a year, the number of cattle farms has declined by nearly 6% from 246,000 in 2009 to 232,000 in 2010.

For reasons of revenue and less arduous, farmers already settled prefer to shift to other crops. "It is easier to return a field to a culture of wheat and rapeseed that raising animals on the same surface, said Jean-Pierre Fleury, secretary general of the Federation Nationale Bovine. It's more profitable and it requires less work. "

Indeed, the average income of a farmer is three times lower than that of a grain. According to latest statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, the first earns 14,700 euros per year when the second receives over 47,000 euros. Those who want to settle as farmers think twice before so to do.

"These are big capital investments, EUR 1,500 for a cow on average, plus the cost of buildings and work constraints that are not up to the sums involved," says Marie-Therese Bonneau, a farmer in the Vendee .

New markets

At the head of a herd of 100 cattle, Maria Theresa Bonneau understands why the business is no longer recipe. "It makes money only when one retires, waiting must make ends meet and generate cash to pay bills," she says. The job of producer thus raises fewer vocations among young people. "The animal is too restrictive, I head for the forest," says Jonathan, a student at AgroTechParis.

The livestock sector as a whole suffer from other disabilities: the industry's first transformation only to renovate its facilities, the number of slaughterhouses is too important. In addition, this industry does not know the answer to market demand. "The French slaughterers are not able to meet the specifications of buyers, says Pascal Cousté, farm advisor throughout France. Particularly regarding the rate of fat from meat and health standards. "

In the case of pork French example, this translates into an additional cost in the industrial process by 5%. Result: supermarkets, but also the industrial processing, will source outside France, where competition is able to offer lower prices.  

However, the growth of world consumption of about 15% per year, providing a market for breeders. The increase in living standards in emerging countries like China and Brazil offset the decline in red meat consumption observed in developed countries. "New markets are opening to us, in the Mediterranean arc of the Maghreb, Turkey and also in Russia," said Peter Knight, President of the Federation Nationale Bovine. In the beef sector, the share of French production destined for export, now more than 5%, and falls on the rise in recent years.

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France has 520,000 elevators, accessible to 482,500 people. National Park is the most dilapidated of Europe, half of the devices with more than 25 years and a quarter over 40 years, according to the Federation of elevators online cash advance.He points to the installation of variable frequency (a braking system is turned off) on all lifts while he believes that technology is only useful for devices used extensively, is to say in very high buildings or offices, or 20% of the housing.

• New constraints maintenance and troubleshooting

Paul Philippot, managing director of the National Union of property (UNPI), professionals have "staked everything on the renovation, more lucrative than the interview." Robien law has yet mandated a visit technicians every six weeks. "But the elevator companies are understaffed to meet this obligation," said Bruno Dhont.

Question of economic efficiency then. One can only be struck by the complete lack of fiscal strategy of the Finance Bill 2012, currently under discussion in Parliament. In the eyes of officials of Bercy, the only way to increase tax revenues is to remove the niches or benefits made in the tax calculation.More than half of the 11 billion euros in additional savings are announced in late August and the removal of some old tax benefits. Now that the idea has been fueled largely with public opinion than the 104 billion euros in lost revenue for state coffers that are the fiscal and social niches, half are "very effective" or "inefficient", this solution is actually the easiest to implement. But it can serve as long-term program. As niches, whose real term is "tax expenditure", are as fundamental to encourage private investors to replace the public investor.No niches, no investment in France, which already sorely lacking.

Reform the income tax

The tax reform in 2012 will revolve around three major issues: how to bring balance between taxation of wealth and income? How to get to his income tax progressivity? What future for VAT?

To these questions, the UMP and the PS will provide different answers, of course. But the rules are the same for all. France can no longer raise taxes. The tax ratio-mandatory, ie the tax burden, amounted to 44.5% of GDP, close to its historical levels (44.9% in 1999). But conversely, the disastrous situation of public finances prevents them down.The "big bang" will be announced fiscal totally bounded in the universe: it will be a rebalancing in depth, but revenue constant.

Some lines of force emerge. The income tax in its present form, is on trial. Two transformations are emerging: reconsider its progressivity, that is to say goodbye slices. Or merge it with the CSG, an idea that has the favor of PS and a large part of the UMP. This merger should not be mistaken, broaden the tax base, will make the income tax fairer, but will also be more painful for the average incomes.

Similarly, it will not escape a VAT reform. Since 2008, 15 European countries have found, for fiscal consolidation, so much so that the rate of 19.6% French is now among the lowest in the euro area, 1 point lower than the average.Especially down at the other, the government chose to lower it for some sectors (food, building …).

Finally, there is the balance between taxation of income and wealth. The most sensitive issue. Recently, in Le Figaro, the budget minister Valérie Pécresse explained: "By raising taxes on savings, we compare the taxation of wealth from that of labor income." The road has only begun. One can imagine what awaits holders of wealth in the coming years …

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