Air France: conflicts threaten three departures on holiday

While looming two weekends among the busiest in passenger of the year, Air France warned of now-already-and its passengers that they may have to be patient. If the airline has reached an agreement with the seven unions of Stewart and hostesses, thus avoiding a first strike scheduled for July 29 and August 1, she still faces other threats to social movements.

Two pilots notice

The first is the drivers. Tuesday, three minority unions – the SPAF, the Alter and R'Ways – have in fact filed a strike notice for the same July 29 to August 1. As the crew before them, the drivers are protesting against the offensive "anti-low cost" Air France plans to launch in its databases province. The new operation is expected to result, according to the drivers, an increase in the number of hours worked and trips a day.

For now, this movement somewhat worried the company, which does not anticipate any disruption in traffic this particular weekend. She feared much more the second notice, filed for the weekend of August 5 to 8, by the powerful pilots' union SNPL. Especially since the solutions to this conflict then escape it, since it is the government that is directly targeted. The pilots claim in fact the culmination of the reform of the Pension Fund of seafarers, which began three years ago. This morning, Labour Minister Xavier Bertrand told Europe 1 radio he was "hopeful" of finding a solution to the conflict. A mediator was appointed in early July to resolve this issue, which divides pilots and cabin crew.Raphael Hadas-Lebel, who assumes the function of mediator in addition to the Chairman of the Board of Retirement Guidance (NRC) "shall make its findings in the coming hours," said Xavier Bertrand this morning payday loans for bad credit.

The mechanics harden the tone

But at the same time, the management of Air France must also manage a third conflict, less publicized than those of pilots and aircrew, but highly impacting: some 4000 engineers responsible for maintenance of 260 units of the company practice of walkouts, for seven weeks.

If the company minimizes the facts explaining that stoppages of one or more hours that are 50 to 100 people, the impact on traffic is nonetheless real. According to Le Parisien, Aujourd'hui en France, long flights and medium-haul flights from Paris-Charles de Gaulle accuse each day delays of 15 to 20 minutes.Management also recognizes that it is obliged to postpone the launch of a two-plane in the evening to morning. Orly airport and Toulouse are also affected.

And before the stalled negotiations on wage demands, the engineers are threatening to get tough tonight at 22 hours. "Delays are possible and we do not exclude some cancellations," said Air France AFP. Alert bulletins on traffic conditions are published to the attention of travelers on the website of the company.

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The Paris Bourse down

Back in the red for the Paris Bourse. At the opening on Monday, the CAC 40 index drops 0.76% to 3813.50 points. Just relieved by Greece, where the leaders of the euro area have managed to agree on a rescue plan, investors are concerned about the United States. The elected representatives of the U.S. Congress again tried Sunday to reach an agreement on raising the debt ceiling, but without success.

While the Speaker of the House John Boehner had slammed the door to negotiations with the White House on Friday night, negotiations continued behind the scenes throughout the weekend between the Democratic allies of President Barack Obama, the Senate majority and their Republican opponents, who control the House of Representatives. But John Boehner told his troops on Sunday night that no breakthrough had yet been obtained.The head of the Republican majority in the House, Eric Cantor, considered the arguments of President Barack Obama "politics and indefensible."

The situation becomes very tense nine days of the deadline mentioned by the Treasury before a default. This morning, this concern has led to a relapse of the Asian markets. For their part, the U.S. markets, which had already ended Friday without direction, were on the downside Sunday night in electronic trading at the end of the weekend.

Greece is also in the news: Moody's today lowered the country's sovereign rating of "Caa1" from "It" with a development, saying the country was still facing major challenges medium-term credit.

Oil down

On the currency side, the dollar is penalized. The euro is rising against the greenback at 1.4367 dollar.Oil is also down. In morning trading, a barrel of "light sweet crude" for August delivery lost 1.08 dollars to 98.79 dollars. That of Brent North Sea crude for September delivery lost 60 cents to 118.07 dollars.

The American situation is also the only concern when no market indicator is expected on Monday.

Values ​​to follow

Areva: -1.83% to 24.88 euros, EDF: 0.28% to 27.24 euros

The new president of Areva, Luc Oursel, who succeeded Anne Lauvergeon end of June, will make his first official Monday by hosting one of its plants EDF's CEO Henri Proglio, showing the warming of relations between the two groups. EDF and Areva have signed an agreement at that time technically and commercially, prior to a more ambitious partnership signed in September low fee cash advance.

Banking

Crédit Agricole (-1.87% to 9.25 euros), BNP Paribas (-1.75% to 47.96 euros), Societe Generale (-1.75% to 37.41 euros), Axa (-1, 60% to 14.10 euros) suffer from degradation of the note of Greece by Moody's.

Axa, while welcoming the agreement reached by EU leaders on Greece, the insurers of the French Federation of Insurance Companies (FFSA) said they consider positively their participation in the project initiative of private investors in As part of the options.

Score: -0.24% to 18.50 euros

The reinsurer Scor said on Monday a 22% growth in constant currencies, the treaty renewals in non-life and specialties of the 320 million of premiums up for renewal in mid-year.

Saint-Gobain: -0.69% to 42.18 euros

The group will buy the network and Brossette Build Center in Wolseley.

Unibail-Rodamco: 0.51% to 158.30 euros; Klépierre: -0.13% to 27.14 euros

HSBC has initiated coverage of Unibail-Rodamco to "overweight" with a target price of 175 euros and raised its recommendation on Klépierre to "underweight" to "neutral."

LVMH: 0.08% to 129.35 euros

Consob is considering a complaint from an investment fund over the price offered to pay the French to buy the balance of Bulgari, confirmed Sunday a spokesman for the Italian stock market.

Total: -0.11% to 39.41 euros

The oil amounts to ten billion dollars (seven billion euros) of investment needed to develop the oil field north of Moho Bilondo off the coast of the Republic of Congo, said its CEO, Christophe de Margerie.

Valeo: -3.94% to 45.35 euros

The group announced Friday that its U.S. subsidiary Valeo Inc., based in Troy, Michigan, had received a request for information from the U.S. court as part of an antitrust investigation.

Fimalac: 0.29% to 27.90 euros

The group announced a sales increase of 11.9% on a comparable basis to 515.8 million euros in the first nine months of fiscal year 2010-2011.Its subsidiary, the rating agency Fitch Ratings has led to an increase of 11.7% of its turnover over the same period to 401.5 million euros.

After market, Seb and Klépierre publish their half year results, April Group will announce its earnings for the second quarter, Faiveley the first quarter. Mercialys and STMicroelectronics will publish their results for the second quarter.

German banks at the forefront in Greece

If European leaders want to involve rescuing investors from Greece, they will have to negotiate primarily with German banks. They are in fact those who hold more government debt, amounting to $ 22.7 billion (15.5 billion euros), according to figures released Monday by the Bank for International Settlements. The French came second, with an exposure of 15 billion dollars (10.3 billion euros).

A total exposure of all European banks in Greece's debt stands at $ 52.3 billion (35.8 billion euros). By adding the two other countries receiving EU aid and the IMF, Ireland and Portugal, the figure stands at 100 billion euros. German institutions hold almost two thirds of this amount.

Particpiation private

Friday, EU leaders said they reached agreement on the extension of aid to Greece. About 60 to 65 billion euros that the new plan would cost a quarter, or 15 to 20 billion euros would come from the private sector. He would ask investors to reinvest in Greek debt money recovered when their bonds mature.

Such an initiative would demonstrate that participation in the effort from the private sector has been explored, "said Justin Knight, strategist at UBS AG, quoted by Bloomberg. "This could lead to voters to accept a new European public aid" to Greece business card. The Germans would, however, according to Die Welt, go further and require banks to extend loan periods, exchanging bonds maturing by other securities of a longer duration.

Default risk

However, "some sources suggest that asking banks to exchange the Greek bonds could trigger precisely a failure," says Luigi Speranza, an economist at BNP Paribas CIB. The rating agency Fitch estimates for its part in a note published Monday that even an exchange of debt on a voluntary basis, if it is unfavorable to creditors, may be considered a "credit event", ie ie a payment default.

In this context, EU leaders are walking a tightrope. Especially since the European Central Bank reiterated Monday his opposition to the restructuring of state debt. "Imposing a discount to private investors can seriously disrupt the real economy and financial creditor and debtor countries, has said Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, board member of the institution.Therefore a restructuring would be done as a last resort, that is to say when it is clear that the debtor country can not repay its debts. "

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Apple after the iPhone and iPad, the revolution icloud

Monday night, Steve Jobs must have Apple's service icloud. Using a deal with record companies, the Cupertino company will upgrade its online music service iTunes. Customers can purchase their music from Apple's online store and listen to their wishes, where they are. The service called "cloud computing, or cloud computing, grow fast. This is a new revolution in computing. It is to connect to the Internet to access data and applications. Individuals no longer need to store on their PC or hard drive at home, and businesses no longer need to invest in high-performance computers.

The computer then used to open the application as a water faucet or turn on a light.Apple already offers a first service "cloud" to synchronize the network, contacts, emails and diary, from an iPhone or an iPad. The MobileMe service is very expensive (99 dollars or 79 euros per year from France).

Click on the thumbnail to enlarge the graphic.

Amazon has shown the way

Google will launch this summer the free operating system for PCs, Chrome OS, designed and filmed for the cloud. "The biggest users of cloud services are already without knowing it, individuals using tools such as Gmail or Google pay services data storage from Amazon," said Lew Tucker, Director Technical cloud at Cisco.With his offensive, Apple created a new front against Google, Amazon and Microsoft.

One of the largest global provider of cloud services Amazon is the world leader in cultural services in line with an estimated turnover in this area at one billion dollars in 2010. The original idea of ​​the champion of e-commerce, which has expanded its services to music storage for individuals, was to lease excess capacity of its own "farms" of computers. "It comes down to your apartment when it is empty during the workday and when you go on vacation," says one expert. All the giants of the Web follow the lead of Amazon. In economic terms, the marginal cost is low for providers of computing power and storage capacity low interest rate personal loans. The additional revenue generated almost as much profit.For ten years, computer manufacturers, software publishers and computer services companies dream of a paradigm shift.

56 billion market

With the development of the Internet and especially because of the economic crisis, companies have converted to cloud computing. "After years of germination, cloud computing takes off. Partly for macroeconomic reasons. The crisis led all organizations to scrutinize their spending. In this context, a solution which can offer more for less is difficult to ignore, "says Ben Pring, vice president of research firm Gartner. For now, most of the market is done by software. The turnover of the software on demand is estimated around $ 11.7 billion in 2010 by Forrester Research. Today, 60% of worldwide turnover is made in the United States.But the phenomenon should spread to other countries. By 2020, the worldwide market will reach $ 56 billion, says Forrester Research.

With about 3 million business customers worldwide including one million in Europe, Google makes between 500 million and $ 1 billion in sales in the cloud. Finally, Microsoft will invest 90% of its budget on R & D in the cloud this year, said Jean-Philippe Courtois, senior vice president of Microsoft. But its sales in the area is estimated at "several hundred million dollars a year," admits a group leader. Each offers its solution. IBM, HP, Dell, Microsoft and Oracle want to use huge "farms" of servers to store and rent computing power to their customers. To this end, HP and Dell have acquired companies in the storage and data virtualization, in order to compete with VMware, a subsidiary of EMC.The market also attracts telecom giants like Cisco, Ericsson and Huawei, and specific actors, such as Akamai, Rackspace Hosting or Salesforce.

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Stock Exchange: luxury won by Hong Kong

"Asia, the Mecca of luxury groups. This could be the slogan applied to Gucci, Prada, Burberry, Hermes, Dior and others at the end of the financial and economic crisis that has shaken the past three years the global economy. For all these companies, if they were not spared by the crisis, have largely absorbed the shock by taking advantage of the growing appetite of Asian markets for luxury, chic, and know-how almost craft of some European countries.

This appetite, the luxury sector was well integrated, making the Asian market including China and Japan, their main growth drivers. For example, the French LVMH in 2010 from nearly 35% of its turnover in Asia (25% excluding Japan).In the first quarter 2011, excluding sales of the Japanese archipelago (affected by the tsunami on 11 March), billings Asian group Bernard Arnault grew 24% and 30% on the only Chinese territory.

Finally, by 2015, China should be the first global luxury goods market in all sectors according to consulting firm Pricewaterhouse Coopers. And to develop there, Western societies today are choosing bulk of trading in Hong Kong, the gateway to become known in China. "With its historical heritage, the Hong Kong is much more attractive than that of Shanghai, details of William Corbiac, emerging equities manager at Axa IM. It is much more liquid, accounting standards are long Anglo-Saxon, there are many financial analysts, fewer permissions and cheaper.In Hong Kong, Western investors feel almost like home. "

Making a name

This is the typical case of American Coach, specializing in accessories (shoes, bags, sunglasses, jewelry …) who announced in early May will be doubling its side by the end of the year, Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and its place of origin, New York. For all the luxury groups, for historical reasons or qualitative, not in Asia have the notoriety of LVMH or Hermes. The goal of Coach is clearly stated: "better brand awareness among consumers and investors in the Chinese market and throughout Asia," according to its CEO Lew Frankfort said in a statement.

This Friday, the luxury goods group Burberry has come to swell the ranks of contenders.Already present in London Stock Exchange, the British group would try to seek a listing in Hong Kong by Hong Kong Economic Journal, to "increase the interest of Asian investors."

The idea is not new. "Many Chinese entrepreneurial companies, including Internet companies and in renewable energy, are parties in the 2000s to seek a listing on Wall Street to take advantage of both technologies and to conquer the U.S. market, said William of Corbiac. We can now do the exact parallel with these Western groups visionary who want to be closer to the markets they want to grow cash advance loan no fax. " A listed company must indeed comply with the requirements of disclosure and / or related to its activity, which increases its exposure to the media and therefore the general public.What support development activity in new geographical area. A strategy that seems to have also adopted in another sector, BNP Paribas. Initially, the French bank will not undertake a capital increase at its eventual listing and just want to "enjoy a better visibility in China."

A significant influx of capital

But watch it only as a matter of image. For BNP Paribas may, in a second time, make an appeal for funds on the Hong Kong site, thus killing two birds with one stone. For their part, the intruding Western luxury brands in Hong Kong are also looking to take advantage of capital and investors who flock to this place. In 2010, according to data from PricewatershouseCoopers, nearly 45 billion euros have been raised, an increase of almost 80% over one year.And for 2011, the firm estimated 30 billion funds in Hong Kong through introductions. A total of one hundred companies are entering the stock each year, more than half are Chinese.

This is the case of the Italian Prada, which recently received the green light from authorities in Hong Kong market. Pending the final IPO price (June 16) and the introduction scheduled for 24 June, the Italian company hopes to raise about 2 billion dollars (1.4 billion euros). After three failed attempts, Prada therefore preferred to Hong Kong to Milan, saying "better" opportunities offered by the international capital market.

Before her, and with the same motivations, the French L'Occitane has chosen Hong Kong to make his first public offering, there is just one year.One way for the group operating on the cosmetics market is very dynamic in Asia and almost treated as a luxury brand, to raise 532 million euros. What repay debt and finance part of its development. This gamble on the brand image now appears successful, while Reinold Geiger, President of L'Occitane, explained that he initially had great difficulty to prevail in Taiwan and Hong Kong. And for investors who subscribed to the introduction, the operation has also been very positive, because despite the turbulent early sessions, the stock rose over 30% year on year.

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Portugal in the Greek system

The country is preparing for two years of recession. This is the price of economic modernization demanded by the IMF and the European Union to pay the 78 billion euros of assistance plan, after the rescue of Greece and Ireland.

The recession is expected to "2%" this year and next year, warned Thursday the Portuguese Finance Minister Fernando Teixeira dos Santos, for 2011 is double what was originally planned. Unemployment is also expected to jump up to 13% in 2013 before declining in subsequent years.

"The program is tough, but necessary and right," acknowledged the European negotiator Jürgen Kröger. "The economy will face significant headwinds in the coming three years," said Premier Poul Thomsen of the IMF, which provides for recovery "in the first half of 2013." But donors stressed that there was little alternative.The Portuguese economy is suffering from under-competitiveness and "without this package, the reforms have been more rapid and painful," assured Mr. Thomsen.

The program rests on three pillars: fiscal adjustment, with lower expenditure equivalent to 3.4% of GDP, especially in health and pensions, continued structural reforms, with an extensive program of privatization and an overhaul of legislation work and dynamic financial sector, with the establishment of a safety net 12 billion euros to banks in exchange for an increase in their capital ratios fast payday loan. The details will be formally adopted at the Eurogroup, May 16

Lisbon Area will stay out of the market for almost two years.The interest rate paid on the portion IMF (26 billion euros) will be calculated on a basis of 3.25% in the first three years, and 4.25% thereafter, according to a senior official of the Fund.

Sacrifice unpopular

The package will, however, far less than many feared, reducing the deficit more gradually than expected. But the sacrifices incurred unpopularity is likely to take center stage at the approach of parliamentary elections on June 5. The main opposition right-wing has already hinted that he would support him. "It must be clear in the campaign that the future government will implement this program," however, hammered Mr. Kröger. Portugal will need the funds by 15 June, the date of repayment of a loan of 4.9 billion euros.

It will also silence the growing discontent in Europe face the new rescue.Before Lisbon, he had help Athens (110 billion euros) and Dublin (85 billion), without reach to prevent speculation on a debt restructuring Greek. In Finland, the Portuguese plan hostility looms over forming a coalition government. And Germany voices were raised yesterday to ask that Portugal first sell its gold.

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The euro soar to $ 1.48

Shortly after the press conference eagerly awaited the U.S. central bank, the euro resumed its advance against the dollar. While the Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke indicated his willingness to continue to support the resumption of U.S. growth, the greenback fell to its lowest level since the summer of 2008 against the six major international currencies. Yet the Fed chairman has assured that a "strong dollar and stable in the interest of the United States and the world."But nothing helps, the euro climbed to nearly $ 1.48, its highest level since December 2009 and as the dollar rose against the yen at 82.15 yen 81.55 yen against Tuesday night.

"The changes introduced by the limited material provided by the Fed gave the green light to return to the market trends of recent times, that promote risk-taking (purchase of raw materials, investment in emerging markets)" financed by the back of the weak dollar, noted Alan Ruskin, Deutsche Bank.

On the other hand, the Fed chief has not given any indication of possible rate hikes in the short term, while most major central banks, like the European Central Bank, are engaged in cycles monetary tightening.Thus, the "carry trade" – a strategy arbitrage between interest rates of different currency areas – continue to make the procurement law and penalize the dollar.

Meanwhile, shortly after the speech by Ben Bernanke, gold has reached a new record at 1530 dollars an ounce and silver has it surpassed the $ 50 an ounce.

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The Paris Bourse back to equilibrium

After spending the morning in the green Friday, the CAC 40 cancels its gains in early afternoon after surging 1.41% on Thursday. The Paris index was stable at 3967.79 points. In London, the FTSE rises 0.43% to 5906.41 points while in Frankfurt the Dax advance of 0.47% to 6966.16 points.

The caution is when the problems of sovereign debt of countries of the European Union back to haunt the markets. Fitch and Standard & Poor's (S & P) lowered the rating of sovereign debt by two notches from Portugal, because of "increased political uncertainty" that has shaken the country since the resignation of Prime Minister Jose Socrates.

European leaders are meeting just since Thursday in Brussels to find a way to fly to the rescue of the country and avoid a domino effect.They endorsed the night of Thursday to Friday a comprehensive system of defense against crises of debt that carries the actual capacity of the Fund's lending support to countries in the Eurozone in trouble from 250 to 440 billion euros.

The Japanese nuclear supervision

In addition, the Japanese nuclear situation remains worrying. This Friday, the operator of the plant in Fukushima, Tepco, said that the work of rehabilitation of the plant could take another month because of the difficulties encountered by workers to cool the reactors.

In Libya, fighting continued between armed forces of Colonel Gaddafi and the coalition forces.The NATO countries have agreed on Thursday to take command of military intervention and will next week over the coalition led by France, Great Britain and the United States.

U.S. GDP revised upward in 2010

However, operators should carefully monitor the indicators of the day. On the menu this Friday:

– French GDP in the fourth quarter. Insee said Friday it has revised upwards to 0.4% growth in gross domestic product of France in the fourth quarter of 2010 compared to the previous quarter. A first estimate published on Feb. 15 gave an increase of 0.3%.

– The French consumer confidence has deteriorated more than expected in March, returning to its level of last July partly because of fears about price trends, shows the monthly business survey released Friday by the INSEE .The composite indicator of consumer confidence has emerged after 85 to 83 in February.

– Money supply M3 in the euro area rose by 2% in February (+1.5% in January).

– The barometer Ifo business climate, the main index of business confidence in Germany fell to 111.1 points in March, ending nine months of increases in a row and a record high of 111.3 points in February, according to figures released Friday.

– Overseas, economic growth accelerated sharply in the fourth quarter – GDP grew by 3.1% against 2.8% forecast by the Ministry of Commerce and 2.9% by analysts – allowing States USA finished 2010 on a rise better than expected at 2 payday loans for bad credit.9%, according to figures released Friday in Washington.

As for currencies, the euro was stable against the dollar at 1.4166 dollars against 1.4168 on Thursday.

On oil markets, a barrel of light sweet crude for May delivery yielded 3 cents to 105.57 dollars. That of Brent North Sea crude for May delivery gained 21 cents to 115.93 dollars. "Oil prices remain high due to geopolitical tension and underlying factors that support lessons, and this dynamic market seems set to continue," note analysts at Barclays Capital in a note.

Values ​​to follow

Farm Credit: + 2.22% to 12.20 euros

Farm Credit has the highest increase of ACC on Friday, while BNP Paribas qu'Exane initiated coverage of French banks with a buy recommendation on the green bank.The analyst opinion adopted a "outperform" on the Crédit Agricole, with a target price of 16.70 euros.

Edenred: + 0.33% to 21.34 euros

Edenred the group's title, after the split in July with the Accor hotel group, continued his progress on Friday, still worn by various rumors about a possible takeover of the company or paying a special dividend. The work took more than 18.5% over the last five sessions

Eurazeo: + 5.03% to 55.75 euros

The group announced Friday the creation of value target of two billion euros by 2014, a goal that comes as the investment company just return to profit in 2010.Moreover Eurazeo and fund Colony Capital exclude launch a bid for hotel group Accor, which they together hold 32.79% of voting rights, to come into compliance with new regulations, said Friday Patrick Sayer, Chairman the Executive Eurazeo.

Schneider Electric: + 0.72% to 119.40 euros

The group announced Thursday it had acquired US Summit Energy specializes in services for Energy, for $ 189 million.

Lagardère: -0.45% to 30.03 euros, Vivendi: + 0.25% to 19.74 euros

Canal + will launch at the end of a free television channel, announced the CEO of the encrypted string in an interview with Le Figaro.

TF1 (-4.02% to 12.90 euros) and M6 (-2.52% to EUR 18) react badly to the news.

Lafarge: + 0.84% ​​to 44.25 euros

Based on a review of the MFA, the Egyptian Sawiris family increased its shareholding in cement producer of over 14% in March.

EDF Energies Nouvelles: -0.53% to 35.75 euros

The group announced Thursday it had signed two contracts in Canada of electricity supply in 20 years with Hydro-Quebec for wind projects totaling 49.2 megawatts.

France Telecom: + 0.03% to 15.69 euros

Polish operator TPSA its announced Thursday it had sold its subsidiary Emitel $ 1.7 billion zlotys (423 million euros) at the bottom of Montagu Private Equity.

The Bel Cheese must publish their annual results this Friday.

BPCE has fully reimbursed the state aid

The schedule has been respected. BPCE announced Thursday it had fully reimbursed the state. Perol, the CEO of the institution, committed during the presentation of its annual results on a closure of the transaction by the end of March. In detail, the Treasury BPCE bought 1.2 billion euros of its preferred shares and 1 billion euros of hybrid debt securities.

In 2010, the group merged the Savings and Banques Populaires, said it earned 3.6 billion euros. Is this good result, seven times higher than that reached in 2009, which allowed him to repay the last installment. In total, the group received $ 7.1 billion in capital for the state: Before the merger, the Savings and Popular banks had received respectively 2.2 billion and 1.9 billion euros in the form of hybrid debt securities.A group creation BPCE in early August 2009, Bercy brought additional 3 billion euros by investing in preference shares. Public support was not gratuitous. The bank's remuneration in the form of state interest and dividends and the total capital injection it will cost 815 million euros.

At the heart of the financial crisis, all French banks had benefited from a $ 19.8 billion. Crédit Mutuel-CIC (1.2 billion), BNP Paribas (5.1 billion), Societe Generale (3.4 billion) and Credit Agricole (3 billion) had all returned to the fall of 2009 the funds loaned by Bercy .

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Crash Rio-Paris: Air France indictment

Justice accelerates. 24 hours after Airbus, Air France, which was served on Friday's indictment for "manslaughter" as part of the investigation into the disaster of 447, the flight from Rio to Paris, which has been 228 victims on 1 June 2009.

While a fourth phase of research at sea to begin next week to find the wreckage of the aircraft and its black box and determine the conditions of this mysterious disaster, Judge Sylvia Zimmerman chose not to wait.

In the current survey, the questions focus on the Pitot probes (speed measuring device) which is icing is the cause of uncoupling of the device and then it disappeared. Numerous incidents of icing were recorded before the disaster: 32 between 2003 and 2009 and five in the world for the sole Air France between May and August 2008.Legally, Air France seems solid on this issue. In fall 2008, facing an upsurge in incidents of icing, exchanges took place between the company and the manufacturer on whether to change the probes Thales AA (those that were on the AF 447) by probes Thales latest type BA. Unanswered. In February 2009, four months before the accident, wind tunnel tests were conducted by Thales probes BA. In April, Airbus sent a letter to Air France to indicate that the last generation of probes Thales (the BA) had 'behavior much better. " The company had then decided immediately replacing probes Thales AA BA probes delivered at Paris in May 2009. These were to be installed on the aircraft of the Air France fleet in June. Too late to avert catastrophe.

Maintenance services exonerated

In this area, so it is rather the responsibility of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) which is engaged. Despite the incidents, it has not produced any studies on the events related to the problems of Pitot probes before the disaster. It took until late August 2009, three months after the accident, that the agency requires the replacement of all sensors Thales equipping the European fleet by American models like Goodrich.

The criminal investigation also exonerated maintenance services for Air France. Tests conducted by investigators from 80 probes taken from the Air France aircraft revealed no abnormality.

Air France does appear to have been slow to take preventive measures in the training of crews to deal with these recurring incidents: specific simulator sessions at high altitude.He indeed was not until the fall of 2009, several months after the accident for the airline organizes a training flight when information loss anemometer consecutive icing on pitot probes. This is where the company is justified in the investigation stage.