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From our correspondent in the United States flexes growth in the United States. After a fourth quarter where expansion had reached 3% annual rate, that as the economy slows to 2, 2%. This is slightly less than expected.

A decline in business investment of 2.1% is largely responsible for this disappointing performance moderately. However consumption, traditional locomotive of the U.S. economy, climbed 2, 9%, against 2, only 1% at the end of last year. This is encouraging. And especially since U.S. households saw their moral improvement in April to its highest level since February 2011. Households are optimistic about economic recovery, although they are less confident when it comes to their personal financial situation?

The acceleration of consumption can not only offset the decline in investment, but it also helps to overcome the slowdown in inventory rebuilding. From January to March, rising stocks is liable only for 0, 5% growth yoy.

During the previous period, the increase in inventories was represented more than half of the increase in gross domestic product (GDP). From this perspective, growth in the first quarter seems healthier than October to December, although it is more modest bad credit personal loan lenders.

Decline in military spending

A third unexpected factor slowed the U.S. economy: the decline in military spending. It explains the drop in 5, 6% annual rate of all federal spending, while states and communities continue their part to save money.

"The key factor explaining the worse than expected performance of the economy, the decline is much sharper than expected public expenditure … But that does not reflect at all the health of the economy. It is certainly disappointing that business investment has declined, but this may be temporary, "said Mark Zandi, chief economist with Moody's Analytics.

Figures released by the Commerce Department does not seem to alter the waiting position of the Federal Reserve, which plans to leave interest rates to the floor until the end of 2014 .. In reviewing a slight increase to almost 3% growth forecast for the current year, it implicitly rejected for the moment to launch a third round of quantitative easing, ie net purchases of Treasury securities in order to drive down long rates.

Christine Lagarde is more than ever determined to "increase the firepower of the International Monetary Fund", that its financial resources. But if the euro area "is the epicenter of the potential risks" of the global economy, "Europe is not alone … We're not obsessed with one area," said Thursday in Washington, the Executive Director of the IMF during a press conference that opened two days of spring meetings of IMF and World Bank.

Capacity building support from the Fund will be the highlight of the discussions involved in particular the G20 finance ministers. Christine Lagarde has renewed its appreciation to Japan, "the first country that has decided to commit themselves" to the tune of 60 billion euros, while acknowledging "the Scandinavian countries who responded to the call and Singapore."

The Japanese contribution is the first quantified commitment to a non-European. This is in addition to those States of the euro area itself, which from the outset, have said they would put 150 billion euros in the pot (just under $ 200 billion). But Christine Lagarde, who had advanced earlier this year the figure of 500 billion, reduced its ambitions "to just over $ 400 billion" figure it has itself argued in an interview Tuesday Italian newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore.

Bilateral borrowing agreements

The negotiations will be very difficult and should not be concluded this week with the aim of reaching agreement at the annual meetings of October 2012 in Tokyo. On behalf of the United States, Tim Geithner, Treasury Secretary, said two days ago that his country "would not put money" but would support those participating in the operation business card design. Recall that this strengthening of resources take the form of bilateral loan agreements with its 188 member countries (including the last admitted this week is Southern Sudan). It is not a capital increase of the IMF, as such. Now this is where the rub the side of the emerging countries, including China and Brazil, who would like to link this extension means the Fund to an expansion of their representation. Now it is even less question that the last reform of 2010 increasing quotas and powers to the board in favor of emerging countries mainly, has still not been ratified by the necessary majority. Within the G20, Argentina, Canada, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico and the United States, have not yet ratified, do we reported to the IMF.

Christine Lagarde must also combat the widely held in international public opinion that the firewall is only designed to help Europe, Spain and Italy, among others. She also found that Spain does not need assistance plan "for now".

Executive Director of the IMF insisted on Thursday the new initiatives launched recently, as "the trust fund for the poorest countries", mentioning also "the five countries of the Arab Spring, for which we need more resources." But the difficulty is to find a common agreement with the governments, especially with Egypt, for which the loan of $ 3.2 billion from the IMF, which should be a catalyst for international aid, is still pending .

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After Marseille last October, Air France is launching 18 new routes in Europe and the Mediterranean from Nice and Toulouse. Air France-based aircraft to 10 8 to Toulouse and Nice with the aim of winning 600,000 and 250,000 passengers in Toulouse to Nice. The French company decided a year ago to be placed in the low-cost launching an offensive in the regions, particularly to counter easyJet, its rival, which has also recently opened two new bases … Toulouse and Nice.

But for easyJet, the development of the company is simpler to implement, "one is born low cost, it does not become so" amused himself last October François Bacchetta, its chief executive. Indeed, Air France, move to low-cost model implies big changes: we must be more responsive, increase the productivity of aircraft, reorganizing the work of hostesses, stewards and pilots, who will now fly more on fewer days, and reduce costs.

Orly soon affected by the reorganization?

However, in Toulouse – where ten new destinations in Europe (Athens, Berlin, Hamburg, Malaga, Malta, Naples, Prague, Seville, Venice and Vienna) and four (Casablanca, Istanbul, Marrakech and Tunis) are proposed – of Such changes are not appreciated by the employees of Air France. The CGT denounced a "deterioration of working conditions related to a much lower recruitment to the increase of activity planned." According to a senior manager quoted by the Journal du Dimanche, the new organization could receive Orly Airport: "This is an assumption on which the board working group on the short and medium haul."

The company, which reported in 2011 some 800 million euros in losses, hired in January a plan of savings over three years (2015 Transform), to € 2 billion savings and reduced debt 6 to 4,000,000,000 euros.

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For the first time in its history, Crédit Agricole SA ended the year 2011 in the red. This loss of 1.47 billion euros is due to a double effort: trying to balance the Greek crisis and adaptation to the new world of banking.

"The Greek situation continued to deteriorate throughout the year. Emporiki, the local subsidiary of the group, saw its operating losses increase, "says the group in a statement. In total, the cost of the Greek crisis did go up in smoke 2.4 billion euros in 2011. It had already cost the green bank over two billion euros the previous two years. Positive, the group has managed to reduce by half the level in nine months of Emporiki refinancing by its parent.

The second part of the bill, presented to the regional, for adapting to the new world of banking. In this respect, John Paul Chifflet, the general manager, did not choose the half-measure. Its vast battle plan, unveiled last December, resulting in 2.5 billion euros in provisions and impairments on acquisitions too aggressive fast cash now. In parallel, the mutual bank will embark on a diet, mainly driven by the Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB). For this subsidiary, lost $ 150 million over the years, adapting to post-crisis world through the sale of portfolios, the removal of 1750 positions and the withdrawal of twenty-six countries. The adaptation plan costs nearly 500 million euros in the bank.

Cumulative, Greece, impairment in the fourth quarter and the adaptation plan dug accounts of Crédit Agricole SA of 4.4 billion euros. These losses do not yet call into question the soundness of the Credit Agricole group, based on fieldwork of the regional banks. They have not fallen in 2011 with a cumulative profit up 3.6% to nearly 4 billion euros. The Crédit Agricole group as a whole shows and an annual profit of 812 million euros, against 3.6 billion in 2010. The group has a solvency ratio of the nails in the European requirements to 9.6%.

The rules of succession are now more protective of the surviving spouse. They guarantee him at his option, the option of retaining the use of all of the assets of the deceased, or to obtain full ownership of one quarter of those assets. The question arises, however, with respect to the principal residence, especially when children are involved. If one spouse wants more protection, it is possible, by gift or by will to assign ownership of property.

France has 520,000 elevators, accessible to 482,500 people. National Park is the most dilapidated of Europe, half of the devices with more than 25 years and a quarter over 40 years, according to the Federation of elevators online cash advance.He points to the installation of variable frequency (a braking system is turned off) on all lifts while he believes that technology is only useful for devices used extensively, is to say in very high buildings or offices, or 20% of the housing.

• New constraints maintenance and troubleshooting

Paul Philippot, managing director of the National Union of property (UNPI), professionals have "staked everything on the renovation, more lucrative than the interview." Robien law has yet mandated a visit technicians every six weeks. "But the elevator companies are understaffed to meet this obligation," said Bruno Dhont.

"The trading conditions imposed by Apple today are unacceptable," consider the union of the national daily press (SPQN), the Union of the regional daily press (SPQR), the SPM, which represents the magazine, and professional union the magazine of opinion (SPPMO)."They are undermining the economic model of the press and ultimately reduce the choices available to Internet users."

Newspaper publishers have stalled on several issues with Apple charges for the sale of newspapers imposed, failure to provide subscription multi-platform and commission rates, considered "excessive". It is 30% for any sale in the App Store – be it a press title, a video game or a piece of music. But more than the standard rate of commission is the loss of control over customer relationships that worries the press."Personal data readers are the property of Apple and are not systematically shared with publishers, yet anxious to establish a relationship of trust with their readers to better take into account their expectations, 'the publishers.

Call for government

These criticisms have emerged since the launch of the platform download App Store in 2008 and is shared by publishers around the world. Newspapers have tried to deal with the manufacturer in developing their own applications, offering subscriptions multi-platform on their websites and enlançant a common digital kiosk application in late June (e-Presse premium). But the very existence of the latter is now threatened by NewsStand."We have not intended to be distributed by a single booth, but we want to be distributed under normal conditions," said one editor.

French media owners could benefit from the organization of the conference "New World 2.0" by Minister Eric Besson, this weekend, to educate government and foreign players to their difficulties. The battle is not won. As with Condé Nast, some media groups have signed with Apple in the U.S. while their French subsidiary belongs to the anti-sling NewsStand.

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The government, which did not include this option in the first place, now says not to exclude the idea. "It is the wishes of the parliament, we will discuss," said the spokesman of the government, Valérie Pécresse, on the set of Canal + on Thursday.

The stakes are high for the government because the sugar-free drinks, but with sweeteners that give a sweet taste, is increasingly consumed.Today, they account for 17% of the soft drinks market with strong brands like Diet Coke or Coke Zero.

No figures have yet been provided about the extra tax revenue that would generate this new amendment, if adopted in plenary session. The previous amendment adopted by the Finance Committee of the National Assembly, to double the amount of tax, also remains to be validated by all the members. By itself, it could generate a windfall estimated at 250 million euros a year, instead of 120 million euros initially planned. The rate of contribution on the sodas would be increased to 6.22 euros per hectolitre in 2012.Then he would be raised from the beginning of 2013, to January 1 of each year, at a rate equal to inflation (excluding tobacco) in the penultimate year.

Support the agricultural sector

As announced in the Figaro, the objective of this expansion drinks with sweeteners is to finance the lower cost of agricultural labor "to allow our farmers to sell their products at the same price as Germany and Spain" explains Valérie Pécresse payday advances. The government has in fact reduced in 2012 from 210 million payroll taxes on permanent farms. The tax will be reviewed and corrected to about half.

The industrial problems digesting the news. "We said from the beginning that it was normal to participate, provided that everyone involved in the fight against deficits.Simply, we do not want to be the adjustment variable of all the deficits that pass and on which we have not much to see, "said Jean-Rene Buisson, president of the National Association of Food Industries (Ania ). The doubling of the tax sodas would, he said, an estimated increase "between 0.2 and 0.3 cents" per can.

No problem for Michel Diefenbacher UMP (UMP): "These drinks, which are not basic necessities, benefit from the reduced VAT rate.They must be able to withstand the additional load generated by this new contribution, "says he in a sub-amendment.

But for now, nothing is yet definitively confirmed nor on the doubling of the tax, nor about its extension to drink with sweeteners.

End of aspartame in system U

The distribution group Système U has chosen to abandon the use of aspartame in soft drinks sold under any brand, starting in January. For the first time a manufacturer makes such a decision. This choice responds to the concerns of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on the effects of this artificial sweetener.

Système U has already banned the use of parabens in cosmetics and Teflon in cookware. Its chairman Serge Papin, expresses his desire to "become a leader in healthy products."

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Last Saturday, the President of the Republic, Dilma Roussef movement shifted to receive it. "We are very proud of you," she would have slipped to the one she considers the child in the country. He also had dinner in an atmosphere of "friendship" with the two governors of states where the group operates, before signing the agreements in their luxurious palaces. Finally, it was applauded by the workers of Curitiba, massed on the lawn of a sunny site, which he wrote a speech.

Relaxed as ever, we feel in his element."It's good to be true that in Brazil," said the globe-trotting owner, who was about to visit this weekend to his mother and two sisters, who live on site. For him, this country is a paradise full development. Here, as in China, "we prefer to see what will, while in Europe the focus is on what's wrong."

Yet it is this gloomy old continent – particularly in France, where he is idolized as far from Japan, China or Brazil – that he decided to spend more time, "pulling consequences "of the false espionage earlier this year.

For many, this fiasco was proof that the owner of two companies whose headquarters are located 10,000 kilometers away, was disconnected from the reality of Renault.Many employees, union representatives, but also members of the government, which accused him of favor at the expense of Renault Nissan, having sought to speed up the relocation.

"Today I am more present in France," he says, whereas previously the Hexagon was only 35% to 40% of its schedule. Nissan is going at full speed in China or the United States, Carlos Ghosn promised then to look at the head of Renault, less efficient no fax pay day loans. Japanese sales are expected to double according to him between 1999 and 2011, reaching 4.8 million units, while those of Renault have increased marginally over the period (2.6 million last year). Goal back on track in Europe, where sales of the group fell by 10.6% over the first 8 months of the year.But also boost the image of a registered design banal and lacking in high-end models.

One patron

"Pragmatic," Carlos Ghosn admits he made mistakes. "I was probably too delegate and I paid the consequences," he admits. "One of the problems at Renault, is that people felt that there were two bosses. There must be only one boss, and that's me, "he insists. As a result, the CEO, for whom the "management of Renault changed," "regained control of a number of operations" as the high end, human resources, communication or the ethics committee . He also concedes that the crisis has had under "to clean up relations" with the state (which holds 15% stake) and make the company "more mature".

Be present at the headquarters of Renault and be first in line, that is precisely what the CEO had promised, after the reorganization of the group in late May, which had weighed heavily on the government. Paying for his handling of the "case", Patrick Pelata, Renault's number two, had been set aside in favor of Carlos Tavares.

Mechanically, the scope of responsibility of Carlos Tavares, his number two has narrowed compared to that of his predecessor. "It has fewer powers," but of "autonomy in what remains," said Carlos Ghosn.

The question is whether the iconic CEO will honor its commitments over time. One thing is certain, it is restore the image of the diamond brand in Europe find it in France a strong credit started this winter.

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